Theistic Argument Against Apologetics

Theistic Argument Against Apologetics

Religious apologetics is often divided into ‘defensive’ and ‘offensive’. ‘Defensive’ apologetics attempts to answer objections to the faith and demonstrate it to be internally consistent, whereas ‘offensive’ apologetics offers positive reasons for the non-believer to accept it.

The field of apologetics may be broadly divided into two sorts: offensive (or positive) apologetics and defensive (or negative) apologetics. Offensive apologetics seeks to present a positive case for Christian truth claims. Defensive apologetics seeks to nullify objections to those claims. - Craig

Believers often maintain that the reason god won’t physically reveal himself is to safeguard human freewill and moral autonomy. For some mysterious reason, God’s physical presence is more doxastically coercive than threats of hellfire. If God were to reveal himself, we would all be so overwhelmed by his power that we would instantly be cowed into submission, but this is not the case with the threat of being eternally on fire.

But, if this is the case, why are religious apologists attempting to logically prove the existence of god with scientific and philosophical arguments? Are apologists trying to violate our freewill?

“But” the apologist says “Why would an abstract proof, as opposed to a physical one, violate our freewill? Surely empirical proof is more compelling and coercive than abstract proof?” This may appear possible. However, if the proof is conclusive, it would force us to accept it on pain of irrationality. Once we are given the proof, we have to be theists. The freewill answer to the problem of divine hiddenness rules out a knockdown proof of God’s existence.

The apologist could point to the fact that according to the Bible (or something), Satan freely rejected God, although he knew he existed. But this works against the apologist. Satan rejected God even with physical proof – showing that physical proof does not violate freewill any more than an abstract one does. (Perhaps a theist would say Satan did not have physical proof, but there are other examples that could be cited, such as Adam and Eve).

There are many theists who argue that theism is the only rational worldview. But if the theist uses the freewill defence to the problem of divine hiddenness, offensive apologetics loses its bite. The offensive arguments like the Kalam cosmological argument or the fine-tuning argument have to be reformulated as defensive – as valid but not cogent enough to change the mind of a reasonable non-believer. For example, Plantinga says that one can choose to accept or reject the first premise of the ontological argument, which makes belief in god reasonable, though not rationally required. If my argument is correct, this will be the most that theists can aspire to in principle.

While these arguments can in principle help bolster theism’s plausibility, they cannot prove theism to someone with a coherent worldview of their own.

Here is the argument in a deductive form.

1.)    If God exists, he remains hidden. 

a)      One could assert that we all know God exists deep down, but this seems like too hard a line to take. And if we all know, why the apparent hiddenness?

2.)    God hides because he does not want us to be forced to accept his existence on pain of irrationality, in order to preserve human freewill and moral autonomy.

a)      There may be other ways of explaining God’s hiddenness, but if God’s intention is to remain hidden, the cogency of apologetic arguments may be doubted.

3.)    Given that God is omniscient and omnipotent; there can be no argument which forces a nonbeliever to accept God’s existence on pain of irrationality.

a)      Presumably, when God created the world, he knew the kinds of arguments that would be available to humans, such as the Kalam, ontological argument, etc. If he wanted to remain hidden, which he apparently does, he would create the universe in such a way that one could rationally reject the premises of theistic arguments.

4.)    Therefore it follows that there can be no conclusive proof for the existence of God.

a)      This does not make theism incoherent, or false. But it means that the so called proofs cannot have sufficient cogency to change the mind of a reasonable non-believer. Apologetics can at best, make theism one of multiple rational choices.

Arguments like the Kalam Cosmological argument try to show that God’s existence is logically obvious. ‘Out of nothing, nothing comes’ is superficially at least, simple and obvious. All the apologist has to do is repeatedly ask ‘what caused this?’ Eventually, barring an infinite series, there must be an ultimate first cause. William Lane Craig complains that answers offered by atheists to this argument are awful.

But if this proof is so simple and obvious, why is god hiding in the first place? If god did cause the universe to begin to exist, with the intention of creating intelligent life, then he created it in the knowledge that those creatures would discover through philosophy and science that time has a beginning, and figure out that only god could have created the universe, as the Kalam proposes. Why then, does god not just reveal himself and save us all the trouble?

If the answer is freewill, then this undermines any apologetic that seeks to argue people into belief. Since god is omniscient, if he wanted to remain hidden, he would not create a world in which a philosophical or scientific proof of his existence would be available. And if he was really keen on human freedom, he would not allow a proof to arise which would have to be accepted on pain of irrationality.

It also seems implausible that god’s primary purpose for humanity is to spend their lives retroactively extrapolating ancient texts and arguing philosophically for his existence. Surely there a better alternative to a cosmic game of hide and seek?

It seems the best move of the apologist is to hedge their bets, and call their philosophical arguments ‘inferences to the best explanation.’ This is all well and good, but the point remains, atheists are free to reject any proof of god’s existence, as long as theists explain god’s hiddenness with an appeal to human freewill. And thus offensive apologetics is in essence, defensive.

Either, the theist has outwitted god, who apparently wishes to remain hidden, or the proofs are in some way fallacious. 



More Objections 

1)      Theistic arguments were never intended to be accepted on pain of irrationality. This argument is based on a straw man.

This is not the sense one gets listening to the likes of William Lane Craig.

I think that this principle, that whatever begins to exist has a cause, is so obvious, that it is virtually undeniable for any sincere seeker after truth. For something to begin to exist without any cause of any sort would be to come into being from nothing. And that is surely impossible…Nobody here this morning here is worried that while you’re listening to this lecture, a horse may have popped into being uncaused, back in your living room right now, and is there defiling the carpet as we speak…We now have good evidence that the universe is not eternal in the past, but had an absolute beginning, and therefore the atheist is backed into the corner, of having to affirm that for no reason whatsoever, the universe just popped into being uncaused, out of absolutely nothing, which is absurd…This is simply the faith of an atheist, in fact I think it takes a greater leap of faith to believe this, than to believe in the existence of God, for it is I repeat, literally worse than magic. If this is the alternative to belief in god, then unbeliever can never denounce believers, as irrational, for what could be more irrational than this? Jews, Christians, Muslims and all who believe in the biblical doctrine of creation, have solid grounds indeed philosophically and scientifically for believing that God creating the universe a finite time ago, out of nothing.

Craig seems to believe that the Kalam argument is not only successful, but cogent enough that it should change the mind of a rational nonbeliever. And as explained, it seems that this is a stronger stance than Craig’s worldview allows.

1.1)  Well Craig is overstating his case here. But the cosmological, teleological, ontological and/or axiological arguments do have merit.

Answer: This argument does not seek to show that theistic arguments are entirely without merit. It only seeks to show that they cannot be cogent enough to change the mind of a rational non-believer.

1.2)  Theism isn’t logically proven, but it is the best explanation of the existence and fine-tuning of the universe.

Answer: An inference to the best explanation is still too much. If theism really is the best explanation of the universe, this would require all rational agents engaging in philosophy and science to lean towards theism. Anyone who is able to follow the chain of reasoning that is science and philosophy should find theism at least likely. This is a deflated way of saying theism is rationally required.

God would have known the epistemology humans would arrive at, and if he was really serious about preserving human freewill, he would not allow even a deflated proof in the form of an inference to the best explanation, because, this would take away the freewill of any nonbeliever engaging in good philosophy and science.

He would not allow this because god is the author of the human mind. He knows what the human mind can do. Since god fine-tuned the capabilities of humanity, he would be able to foresee whether they would be able to find him, or correctly reason that he exists.

1.3)  It’s ambiguous. You can choose your beliefs.

Answer: This is probably false, but it is acceptable for the purposes of my argument. If people can choose their beliefs, then they can choose to reject God even with physical evidence.

2)      There are ways to explain god’s hiddenness without referring to human freewill.

Answer: The only other workable option appears to be the unknown reason defence. But if you don’t know why god hides, why try to reveal him?

3)      There isn’t direct and unambiguous proof because god only wants to be revealed to those who are looking for him. Seek and ye shall find.

Answer: Well then you immediately lose the right to call your proof scientific. Science works by refutation – not by confirmations.

4)      The argument’s conclusion is trivial.

This is probably correct. But there are many theists who hold that atheism is not rationally tenable, due to issues of a first cause, or the obviousness of objective morality. Perhaps it is an interesting puzzle for these fanatics.

Conclusion

This is not an argument against God’s existence. Rather it seeks to show that God’s hiddenness is in tension with the possibility of a successful argument for God’s existence, which should change the mind of a rational, disinterested agent. In short, there is no evidence for God’s existence, and we should not be rationally compelled to believe God provided us with abstract arguments when he could have given us physical evidence. Divine hiddenness makes atheism rationally tenable.

Neither does this argument show how particular theistic arguments, like the ontological or cosmological arguments, are faulty. It does not say if there can be an infinite series, or if existence is a predicate, or anything of that sort. Although my argument could be elaborated, as I briefly did with the kalam, to bring out the various absurdities of a god who hides from us, but hopes we will find him through ontological and teleological proofs. 

Perhaps many theists consider the target – believers who assert that theistic arguments are significantly rationally compelling – to be a straw-man. But perhaps this argument has something to say to the fanatics who insist that the Kalam is undeniable proof of Jesus.

For any theists made it this far, perhaps you think that this argument is trivial, or unsound, because it reasons from untestable premises, or because it is overly ambitious, you may want to consider that this is how religious apologetics looks to non-believers.

Note: This can be found in video form, which distracting music and visuals, here. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2asnFMHCeGo

"How do you know your morality is valid then?" - Response to TheCartesianTheist

In attempting to defend the bible, some theists prefer to attack the meta-ethical foundation of their atheist interlocutor, rather than defend the passage in contention directly. Probably these Christians think this is a quick and easy way to answer any challenges to their position.

Usually, what happens is that the theist attacks the meta-ethics of the atheist directly. The line of reasoning is - if the atheist does not have objective morality, no criticism against the bible can stand. (Let’s call this the direct meta-ethical evasion.)

Why is this argument dishonest? A better question to ask is 'when would it not be dishonest?' When would it be acceptable to defend apparently immoral writings with a sudden adoption of moral skepticism? It is highly convenient, to say the least. 

In any case, the direct meta-ethical evasion is unworkable, since regardless of what moral ontology the atheist accepts, it is a matter of scripture contradicting god's omnibenevolence. Meta-ethics is irrelevant.

During his debate with EssenceofThought, TheCartesianTheist asked the question 'are we in agreement that rape is objectively wrong?' At no point did he try to undercut EoT's claims to objective morality – and not simply because EoT didn’t make any. CT's method seems to have evolved slightly. He does not (to my knowledge) use the moral argument for god’s existence, and he seems to have discontinued using meta-ethics as a direct defence of the bible. While he used to do this, (he has a video called ‘The atheistic moral problem’) he seems to have realized that it is unnecessary to argue the atheist into a subjective moral ontology, because they are often willing to admit this themselves. CT's approach is to milk this fact for emotional effect. (Let’s call this the indirect meta-ethical evasion; since it does not rule out criticism of scripture, it is simply a way to cast doubt on the critic.) I find this tactic to be manipulative and dishonest, and also not exactly a paradigm of good philosophy. *Shock horror, 'you don't think rape is objectively wrong?', as though beliefs about moral ontology necessarily said anything about an individual's normative ethics. I imagine professional philosophers don't find this a good way to argue for moral realism. It is the sort of thing one would expect only from a religious apologist.

So in response to his blog, yes, my video was made with CT in mind. But it was also made with various other theistic meta-ethical evasions in mind too; the direct meta-ethical evasions which CT seems to have jettisoned, and also CT’s own indirect ways of using meta-ethics to poison the well. 

But since CT responded to that video, I might as well spell out in more detail what I think is dishonest about his approach in particular. (And why I'm able to point this out). CT begins his blog post:

“I'm quite happy to stand corrected but from the feedback I have received from atheists on YT so far, since my discussion with EssenceofThought (EOT), I am yet to hear an atheist tell me they disagree with EOT and they wish to also affirm that rape is something which is morally wrong beyond a personal denouncement.”

So CT begins by doing the very thing I was arguing against. He also did this during the debate, in his 'teaser' video, and here and there throughout his blog. He is poisoning the well.

I also think personal denouncements go a long way. Even if they are not objective in every sense, that doesn't make them arbitrary, unfounded, or futile. ‘Personal denouncement’ is simply a way of deflating the moral judgments people make. I have videos on this, so I will set it aside for now.

“CV tries to suggest that theists are being underhanded by asking atheists about their metaethics (ohhh-ahhh - how dare they?). Clearly on this point he failed to even listen to my discussion with EOT since I made it very clear I was only asking EOT out of interest and that it would not be part of my defence of Deuteronomy. I made it quite clear what my own view was and, if you listen carefully you will hear EOT claim this is highly significant to the discussion.”

It is underhanded. As I said in my video, it is an attempt to stack the deck against the atheist. CT's subscribers can instantly switch off, since the atheist doesn't have objective morality. There was at least one comment to this effect, which had been thumbed up quite a bit. It's also a nice fail-safe for CT. If he can't defend the passage, he can make meta-ethical evasions.

Again, when would it be acceptable to raise meta-ethics? When would it be acceptable, in trying to defend a set of apparently immoral writings, to even gesture towards meta-ethics? Simply switch the bible with any other questionable set of writings to see why this sort of thing doesn't and shouldn't fly. It's nothing but a smokescreen.

Were Stalin’s purges really bad, or is that just your worthless opinion? No, I'm not saying you can't have your opinion, if you believe killing millions of people isn't objectively wrong than that's up to you. But while we're on the topic, I actually affirm that killing people is objectively wrong. Unlike you. Notice how the person who should be defending their own writings is using the very content of those writings to assert a moral advantage over the critic.

The moral ontology of both CT and EoT is neither here nor there in this argument. All that matters is that if an instance of immorality can be shown in the text, the text is not inerrant and the theist has a contradiction on their hands. I'm not concerned with showing that such a passage exists. I'm interested in what needs to be shown.

“So if I am stating my view clearly up front from the beginning it is surely a matter of interest what EOT's views are? But even so I made it painfully clear that a counter metaethical attack was not going to happen once we got onto the biblical passages and it did not. CV fails on this criticism therefore.”

In the context of a debate about scripture, it doesn't matter what EoT's views on meta-ethics are. Not only because he hasn't studied it, or made videos about it, but because it has no bearing on the question of scripture. It doesn’t matter what anyone’s views are on this. A counter meta-ethical attack was unnecessary anyway, because EoT did not affirm objective morality. He simply pointed out that his and CT's definitions have not always matched and that it was a red herring. He was correct to do this. But CT insisted on waving around his poorly explained ontology and then crying foul when EoT didn’t affirm it.

“At around 1 minute CV states that "objective oughts are a very difficult notion" which is a very interesting thing to note given that he is lecturing his audience on the oughts of proper discourse. That sounds very much like giving instructions in ethical behaviour to me. Is CV simply stating his preference for discussion etiquette then? Well his language certainly sounds otherwise. He appears to be suggesting the theist is doing something objectively wrong and that they OUGHT not ask the atheist their view even out of interest.”

CT seems to be under the impression that this is some sort of brilliant refutation. It isn't. First of all, the question "how can a meta-ethical subjectivist make moral pronouncements?" has been answered by atheist heavy-hitters like QualiaSoup and TheoreticalBullshit. It's also been answered by Aletheia216 in a video response to CT. This response has been up for ten months. I even repeated Aletheia’s response in the video CT is supposed to be addressing. And I've offered my own answers to this question in many of my videos, and I know CT has watched them. This ‘gotcha’ question has been dealt with. But CT is still trying to show I am contradicting myself by loading my position with his presuppositions which I've repeatedly and explicitly rejected. Perhaps it's clear now why I chose the title I did for my video.

I'm sure CT finds these answers problematic, but no amount of partially understood quotations from philosophers can help him gloss over the fact that he's systematically ignored the answers offered, and then acted as if it was I who was ignoring some glaring contradiction. 

As someone who loudly proclaims his own philosophical learnedness, the repeated and insistent use of this cavil is quite amusing. The argument really runs itself. "You believe morality is subjective. You can't use moral language." Simple and easy to remember. This line of arguing is no different in either style or substance from Sye Ten Bruggencate's repetitious question "and how do you know your reasoning is valid?" And just like Stephen Law recommends turning this question on its head and asking 'how do I know you haven't been hit over the head with a rock?' I recommend an analogous approach to CT's egregiously dishonest and malformed inquiry. 

But CT has just given me everything I need, as someone who thinks meta-ethics is not completely objective, to answer him. 'The oughts of proper discourse'. In an agreed upon and specified context, it is possible to give objective answers. Perhaps CT is wondering why he should accept the oughts of proper discourse in the first place. Well I don't think he should. To do so would make pushing his religion rather difficult. My video was not intended to persuade him, but to start a discussion about how rational people should deal with the apologetic slime he so prolifically excretes. I am appealing to common goals in order to achieve an end. No objective moral ontology is required here. This has all been explained before of course. 

Also, even if I were a closet moral realist, as CT seems to imply, I could still think objective oughts are a very difficult notion. Difficult problems are not insoluble. And I would still take issue with CT's devious methods. So CT just bungled a line of argument that normally runs itself. He should stop running on automatic and listen to the people he is engaging.

 “[A small aside. Whilst I accept that the atheist might cause a problem by pointing to an internal inconsistency in the theist's worldview, please note that this is atheistic presuppositional apologetics of the very kind they so often complain about when done to them. They stand back and insist they have a null hypothesis whilst the other person must defend their worldview. This is using the kind of Hovind basterdized presuppositional method in many ways. Notice the advice given in the blurb to his video:

"Turn any challenge to your moral ontology on its head. Don't try to discuss honestly with propagandists, as your explanations will be ignored."

Does that not sound like the very tactics employed by the likes of Hovindites?]”

I'm glad CT quoted that line, given that I've just shown a case of him very resolutely ignoring explanations. I'll stick with my advice. If someone is trying to distract you with meta-ethical hand-waving or other non sequiturs, don't go to the trouble of trying to explain yourself. 

If someone is genuinely trying to have a discussion with you, then that is a different matter. In that case, have a discussion. 

What's more Hovindy, trying to catch people out with loaded ‘gotcha’ questions and repeating sound bites back at them to throw egg on their face, or not bothering to explain yourself to those who use these methods?

Also, I don't claim a null hypothesis. I do claim that Christianity has vastly more philosophical baggage than atheism, because it does. Atheists do not defend any ancient scribblings, or posit a plethora of unfalsifiable phenomena. Theism does both of these. CT knows what I think about this, because he's given my video on it a glowing review.

“CV then complains that the theist fails to appreciate that a subjective or quasi-subjective moral ontology cannot be "meaningful" [c.1:30] but this is not relevant to the discussion I was having with EOT in the slightest and I never suggested one could not have a meaningful ethic if it is not a morally realist one. So why CV brings this in I don't know.”

It might have something to do with CT's incessant repetition of the question 'so is rape objectively wrong?', as though objectivity was the only workable option, and his repeating answers back at people in a shocked and horrified manner, in an attempt to shame them. Also, didn't CT just say that I was contradicting myself in my use of moral language in his blog?

“He appears to be suggesting the theist is doing something objectively wrong and that they OUGHT not ask the atheist their view even out of interest.”

This is strong evidence that CT does think that an objective moral ontology is the only workable one. Even though I didn't really have CT in mind at this point in my video, it does apply to him.

“At around the 1:40 mark CV complains about appeals to emotion (oh the irony) but this does not happen in the discussion and so my head scratching continues.”

Of course it did. CT's debate with EoT was a good example of this sort of appeal to emotion. 'Oh, so you don't think rape is objectively wrong then? That's quite disturbing.' This is also the sort of thing I've been getting from CT and from other theists generally for quite some time. I thought CT would at least be wise enough not to try to pull this during a debate on scripture. 

But also look at CT's 'teaser' for the debate. He also included the segment on meta-ethics there. I think it's clear why CT uses these tactics, which would be forgivable if they were simply unconsidered remarks. But this is CT's considered strategy - to use rape as a way to try to rhetorically beat his atheist interlocutors into accepting moral realism and/or to make them look bad, because saying 'rape isn't objectively wrong' sounds ugly. Even having 'so you don't think rape is entirely objectively wrong?' repeated at you is probably quite annoying too. And it undoubtedly helps CT keep his flock asleep. I think CT's conscious and deliberated use of a something like rape in order to make this point is rather poor form. 

A quick aside, how about an argument for moral realism? We all share the intuition that rape is objectively wrong. But not all of us accept that our moral intuitions are good evidence of anything more. I suspect most people would like to believe in moral realism. All CT has to do is provide a cogent argument for it, but his choice of tactics suggests that hasn’t yet thought of one. 

“CV then chides anyone who dares question the metaethics of people who do not "make pretentions" to have philosophical knowledge! (3:30 ish) Surely CV cannot be talking about his mate EOT at this stage? Not the same EOT who made a four part series on morality entitled respectively:

1. The Morality Of The Godless: Episode 1 - The Development of Morals, Values and Social Norms.
2. The Morality Of The Godless : Episode 2 - The Biological & Evolutional Explanations behind Society.
3. The Morality Of The Godless : Episode 3 - The Socio/Psychological Explanations behind Society.
4. The Morality Of The Godless : Episode 4 - Explanations For Social Conflicts & Wars.”

I don't see an Episode 5. Meta-ethics. There are aspects to morality other than moral ontology, and it is possible to touch on these without being committed to moral realism. In an analogous way, you can do mathematics while being an anti-realist about the ontological status of numbers. (This is the answer Aletheia gave).

“Ironically the previous 'Therefore God' show had been on the very subject of metaethics as well. Suddenly, when rape is the issue, metaethics is now not allowed to be talked about! When it was an atheist on the show that was different.”

Meta-ethics deserves serious study. It shouldn't be used as a smokescreen to deflect criticism and poison the well against critics. I invited CT on to discuss this, but he went on to talk about the bible. Stay on topic, and don't castigate those who ask you to. This is not an outrageous demand.  

“CV then makes the ridiculous claim that I was repeating "You think rape isn't objectively wrong" for emotional effect. The reason this is ridiculous is that he could not personally know my motive for doing that in the first place. Secondly it would mean not taking me at my word during the discussion where I explicitly said the purpose was to find out if we were both in agreement on the matter. Ignoring what people actually say in a discussion and attempting to project motives on them there is no evidence for is not good form. How ironic that CV continues to take the tone of a moral sermon at this juncture.”

I'd like to know what CT thinks he's doing, if not appealing to emotion. Appeals to emotion are completely in place when discussing oughts. You ought to give to charity. But they are out of place when discussing what is. You ought to accept an objective moral ontology. Probably most of us would like to, but it's not clear what this even means. How can an ‘ought’ be completely objective?

I think CT believes that people tend towards moral realism, and repeating these questions is a good way to bring this out. But it is still an appeal to emotion, as it does not solve the problem; it simply tries to beat the interlocutor into submission with a highly loaded question which is repeated ad nauseum. And regarding CT's series on meta-ethics, this is what's wrong with it. The series has stopped after CT argued from intuition. (Perhaps it will continue, but CT evidently prefers to slap together videos in which he trolls genuine educators like AronRa and Thunderf00t, rather than actually creating any substantial content). What is the point of simply arguing from intuition? Philosophers are supposed to question their intuitions, not use their existence as arguments and leave it at that. Anyone can say what appears to be the case.

“To finish I think it is worth noting that despite all his talk of insisting the job of the theist was to show there is no internal contradiction his video did not once admit I had done that very thing and that the vast majority of the discussion was about this. On such matters he had absolutely nothing to say in his video. EOT completely failed in his burden of demonstrating ANY such contradiction existed in the Christian worldview. A Christian is not contradicting their view on rape as being objectively wrong even when they are conservative in their view of scripture since there is absolutely zero evidence of rape being advocated as something other than a wrong act in the entire Bible. EOT was shown to be using a contentious passage with various possible readings as a proof-texting venture and to be arguing from silence when, in pure desperation, he attempted to use Lot at the end.”

CT seems to have misunderstood me. He’s presenting it as a burden of proof issue. I did not insist that. My contention is that if such a contradiction can be shown, the bible is not inerrant, and any biblical inerrantist has a contradiction on their hands. And this is how the atheist can justifiably set aside meta-ethical questions and get on to discuss the details of the scriptural passage in question. I'm interested in what it is sufficient to show, not in demonstrating that such a passage can actually be found. That's for others. I can't sit through the bible. It's profoundly dull and unimaginative. Someone else will have to show how immoral it is. 

Again, my interest is in how to refute meta-ethical distractions, so he seems to have missed the point. 

And given that he accepts that meta-ethics has no bearing on an atheist's critique of the bible, I find his insistence on using it even more dishonest. Again, I believe it’s because CT knows that the more direct meta-ethical distractions won’t fly that he’s muddying the water in this way. 

Regarding ‘arguments from silence’, I find this to be something of a double standard. When the theist wishes to insert something into the text, 'context'. When EoT rightly points out that there is no prohibition of rape in the bible, 'argument from silence'. I think it matters what god neglected to say, but that's just me.

“I suggest theists keep asking atheists to justify their metaethics. The clear message is they have problems in this area and wish to avoid it by always throwing it back on the theist. The default setting of the You Tube atheist is that he will only want to attack your views.”

This is from the person who insists on getting into meta-ethics when discussing passages in the bible. The whole point of my video is that it is CT who is refusing to stay on topic and discuss honestly. In discussing the bible, he insisted on using meta-ethics, a highly difficult philosophical area, in arguing with a non-philosopher. Of course EoT has difficulty there. Philosophers have difficulty there. Everyone but YouTube Christians (who simply sweep their own problems under the rug) have at least some difficulty here.

“Don't allow the atheist to do that. Ask them to explain what they are proposing. If atheists are finding rape a difficult issue to explain in terms of its wrongness then this is one reason to have doubts about atheist ethics I think.”

I suggest theists keep asking this too. But this discussion should be had for its own sake, not as a distraction or a means of poisoning the well. And I also suggest that the conversation should be reciprocal and not one-way. The theist's moral ontology is not unproblematic either – it’s philosophy, there are always problems. These should not be simply glossed over – as they often are. But if theists do not agree to discuss honestly, then atheists should not go out of their way to try to engage them. And using meta-ethics to distract criticism, or poison the well against critics of scripture is dishonest, and also I hope I have shown, unsuccessful.   

Also, if you want explanations, then listen to them. Also, don’t insist that the atheist must accept the subjective/objective dichotomy. (This is in part why the question is loaded). Part of the problem with CT is that in his attempts to procure sound-bites agreeable to his agenda, he runs on automatic and fails to listen. In his world, it’s either objective or it’s worthless. This is evident throughout his post. 

A question for CT - would he agree that using only meta-ethical scepticism to defend the bible (parenthesizing my accusations of his poisoning the well) is dishonest? Because there are many Christians who do this. Perhaps he would like to correct them. 

EoT debating CT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VJnNaZzjvg

My video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9rZUNN7WAs

CT's response to me: http://thecartesiantheist.blogspot.co.uk/

CT's 'teaser' for the debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUuawhwMT2k

Risk - The Religious Edition.

Imagine that just one of the world's religions is true. Imagine that among the countless number of completely spurious, false religions, there is a ‘true’ religion, which represents God's best attempt to guide and communicate with mankind. As the best effort of an omnipotent being, this guide is by definition perfect. 

If this idea is true, it would have some strange implications. The fact of one true religion would create insuperable epistemological problems for the person trying to find the correct religion. And for every epistemic problem of the religious seeker, a parallel theological problem is created – God being the author of the epistemic problem. I want to keep this post short, so I’m not going to give all of the problems. But try to come up with some of your own. I think there a potentially infinite amount of problems here. 

1.  The first problem is that religious belief is geographically determined. The vast majority of religious adherents don't choose their religion – they have it chosen for them, and it nearly always matches the prevailing religion of their culture. This is no coincidence. A person's religion is caused, if not enforced by their culture. People do not choose what God to believe in.

Now I know the words ‘genetic fallacy’, are normally employed to dismiss this argument out of hand. The genetic fallacy is when a proposition is dismissed because of the reasons someone has for believing it. Here's why this response will not work against my argument. 

1.1.    To believe that one religion is true, one must believe that God engineered the scenario I've just described. God has caused this state of affairs, where our salvation or damnation is based on a choice we do not ourselves make, but have drilled into us. If we adhere to the wrong religion, it's because it was drilled into us, the same way it would have been drilled into the lucky followers of the correct religion. God has made his religion conform to all the same patterns and modes of propagation as the false ones. How bizarre would it then be if one of these were true, and the rest false? They are all so similar to anyone not threatened into believing one of them, and yet we are supposed to believe one of them is an accurate portrayal of the mind of God himself. If your religion has at least one person bodily ascending to heaven, your God is going to eternally burn the inevitably existing subset of people who fail to realize the religions they were indoctrinated into are false. God is transferring his own problem, his hiddenness; onto the lowly creatures he created to worship him. A ‘true and correct’ dogmatic and close-minded religion is indistinguishable from a dogmatic and close-minded religion which is false. This is why this objection cannot be brushed aside by whipping out the genetic fallacy. The problem of geographic determinacy has far reaching theological implications.

1.2.    A person who believes in one religion must believe God has set up the world's religions like a game of Risk and demanded that his color wins, while adamantly refusing to reveal which color is in fact really his. On this view, there is one group of plastic figurines who God really wants to succeed in their preaching efforts, but this could be any group. He wants the board to be completely one color. He wants one set of figurines to go out and conquer all of the others, via the medium of flimsy literature, half-baked apologetics and appeals to blind faith. Any of the reasons a believer could give for thinking god is on their team could be given by someone who believes differently, with the same force. It could be Jainism, or Zoroastrianism, or something almost no-one has ever heard of. In the meantime, every religious faction is convinced it is they who have the correct answer to God's ultimately important multi-choice exam question. When the stakes are so high – think of what awaits the people who get this question wrong, how could this scenario reflect the wishes of an omni-benevolent deity? If one religion is true, God has well hidden this fact. He has created us in complete and inescapable ignorance, and demanded that we know. God has engineered a state of affairs where our eternal fate is based on a choice we do not ourselves make. Just consider what an absurd situation this would be if it were the case. ‘Christians, I want you guys to do really well! I hope you make it in the preaching business. Sikhs, Muslims, Hindus? Nah, you've got it all wrong.’ Is this really what's going through the mind of an all-knowing being? How can you believe that Christianity is true and accurate, but Sikhism, Islam and Hinduism are just empty, signifying nothing? 

God would apparently agree with me that walking around city centers screeching scriptural passages at incredulous strangers is a silly waste of time – but only in most cases. When his team do it, this activity represents the best possible use of a person's time on this earth. 

2.  The second problem is that the 'true religion’, which God is apparently rooting for, is completely indistinguishable from all the false ones – at least to anyone not already indoctrinated or threatened into adhering to one. This ‘true’ religion, whichever one it is, has all of the same characteristics as the false ones. The ‘true’ religion is similar to the false ones in its repressive, dogmatic and scientifically backward nature. This is the religious seeker's epistemic problem. This is a problem for any person who wants to find the right religion. I'm not saying all religions are all the same in every way; just all of the ways that could be considered objectively indicative of truth value. 

2.1.    The theological problem is this; why on earth did God bury the needle in the haystack? And why did he make the needle look like hay? God has caused this world to come into being. Therefore he has caused the plethora of false religions which look like true ones. What basis is there supposed to be for choosing the right religion? They all look and act the same. Why make salvation dependent on coming to a certain religion, and then offer a countless number of ways to go astray? What would God say to me if I died, and after being told I was headed for the fiery fun-house, said 'All the religions look the same! How is someone supposed to choose?’ What can anyone say to this? 

I hope you can see what I mean. This was very hard to write. It's probably just a bit of a rant which no-one will understand.